The intervention to patient with severe bleeding is:
a. Transfusion of plasma
b. Transfusion of whole blood
c. Infusion of plasma expanders
d. Infusion of NSS
Correct answer: b. Transfusion of whole blood
Rationalization:
In cases of severe bleeding, the priority is to rapidly restore both blood volume and oxygen-carrying capacity. Whole blood transfusion is the most appropriate intervention because it contains red blood cells (to carry oxygen), plasma (which contains clotting factors), and platelets (to aid in clot formation) — all crucial components needed to stabilize the patient.
Let’s break down why the other options are less suitable:
• a. Transfusion of plasma — Plasma contains clotting factors, but it does not restore the red blood cells needed for oxygen transport. It may be used in specific cases of coagulopathy but is not the first-line treatment for severe hemorrhage.
• c. Infusion of plasma expanders — Plasma expanders (like albumin or synthetic colloids) help maintain blood pressure by increasing blood volume, but they do not replace the lost red blood cells or clotting factors. These are supportive, not definitive treatments.
• d. Infusion of NSS (Normal Saline Solution) — NSS can temporarily restore intravascular volume and stabilize blood pressure, but it does not improve oxygen delivery or blood clotting. It is often used initially, but without blood products, it is insufficient for severe bleeding.
Conclusion: Whole blood transfusion directly addresses both the fluid loss and the critical need for oxygen delivery, making it the most appropriate immediate intervention for severe bleeding.